Synthesis of Sentences – Rule of Participle

(i) Participle का प्रयोग करके

(i) दिए हुए वाक्यों के subject  एक समान होने चाहिए ।
(ii) दिए हुए वाक्यों के finite Verb अलग – अलग होने चाहिए ।
(iii) दिए गए वाक्यों के finite Verbs में time interval न के बराबर हो अर्थात एक कार्य ठीक से समाप्त न हो कि दूसरा कार्य प्रारंभ हो जाए।
Note – Finite Verb ऐसा  Verb होता है जो कि वाक्य के  subject व  tense के अनुसार अपने आप को बदल सकता है।
Example – Ravi likes playing cricket.
You like playing cricket.
You liked playing cricket.
इन वाक्यों में  like शब्द  finite verb है क्योंकि यह वाक्य के  subject व  tense के अनुसार अपने आप को बदल लेता है जबकि  playing शब्द  non finite verb है क्योंकि यह वाक्य के subject व  tense के अनुसार अपने आप को नहीं बदल सकता है।

दिए गए वाक्यों के finite verbs में से उस finite verb को present participle बनाते हैं, जिससे कार्य पहले होता है।
Examples :-
Separate – She saw the lion. She ran away.
Combined – Seeing the lion, she ran away.

Separate – He jumped up,  he ran away.
Combined – Jumping up, he ran away.

Separate – The magician took pity on the mouse. He turned it into a cat.
Combined – Taking pity on the mouse, the magician turned it into a cat.

Separate – He took a pen. He wrote a letter.
Combined – Taking a pen, he wrote a letter.

Separate – He drew his sword. He attacked his enemies.
Combined – Taking his sword, he attacked his enemies.

Separate – Her husband died. She heard the news. She fainted.
Combined – Hearing the news of her husband’s death, she fainted.

Separate – Turn to the right. You will find an hospital.
Combined – Turning to the right, you will find an hospital.

Separate – I reached home.  I took off my clothes.
Combined – Reaching home, I took off my clothes.

Separate – She went up the hill.  She saw an old temple.
Combined  – Going up the hill, she saw an old temple.

Separate – We heard a terrible noise.  We turned back.
Combined – hearing a terrible noise, we turned back.

यदि दिए गए वाक्य में (is/am/are/was/were) Main Verb के रूप में हो तो इसका present participle ‘being ‘ का प्रयोग करते हैं –

Note – is/am/are/was/were – ‘Be’ Verb होते हैं इसलिए इनका  present participle ‘being’ बनता है।
यदि दिया हुआ वाक्य कोई  tense न हो और न ही वह passive voice  हो तो ऐसी स्थिति में is/am/are/was/were Main Verb के रूप में प्रयोग किए जाते हैं।

Examples –
Separate – He was hungry. He took his food.
Combined – Being hungry, he took his food.
Separate – He was ill. He didn’t go to school.
Combined – Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
Separate – He was tired of reading. He lay down in bed.
Combined – Being tired of reading, he lay down in bed.

कभी-कभी एक वाक्य का object दूसरे वाक्य का subject  हो जाता है तथा उसके बारे में कुछ बातें कही गई होती है जो प्रायः present participle में होता है अतः synthesis करते समय इसी कही गई बात को पहले वाक्य के object  के बाद लिख देते हैं।

Examples –
Separate – I saw Ravi. He was abusing his brother.
Combined – I saw Ravi abusing his brother.
Separate – We saw a parrot. It was sitting on tree.
Combined – We saw a parrot sitting on a tree.
Separate – A funny fox saw some grapes. They were hanging from a vine.
Combined – A funny fox saw some grapes hanging from a vine.
Separate – Sheela witnessed the show. She witnessed three dolls. Dolls were talking in a strange language.
Combined – Sheela witnessed the show of three dolls talking in a strange language.
Separate – A man was strolling on the  road. He was old. He had a stick in his hand.
Combined – An old man with a stick in his hand was strolling on the road.
Separate – We saw many dogs. They were barking at strangers.
Combined – We saw many dogs barking at the strangers.